Synergistic Fungus-Bacterium Partnership for Enhanced Oxidation of Low-Density Polyethylene
The ubiquity of plastics in agriculture has increased crop yields and reduced labor, but their waste has brought about a serious environmental crisis due to its non-biodegradability and extensive soil retention. As one of the bioremediation strategies, we explored microbial strains capable of degrading Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) which is primary material used in agricultural plastics. By utilizing microbial resources from repositories such as the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC) and the Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), we obtained over 400 fungal strains. Rapid microbial screening was conducted by comparing microbial growth on medium, which we used LDPE, glucose or a carbon-free medium as the sole carbon source. Subsequently, liquid media screening identified two prominent LDPE-oxidizing fungal strains, Pleurotus sp. and Trametes sp. Each fungal strains demonstrated effectiveness in the surface deterioration of LDPE film, one month after treatment, with increased hydrophilicity and crystallinity. Furthermore, to enhance LDPE biodegradation, fungal-bacterial combinations were investigated. Initially, bacterial strains were pre-screened to determine whether they could utilize paraffin oil as their sole carbon source for growth. Finally, it was revealed that four bacterial strains each promoted mycelial growth in either Pleurotus sp. or Trametes sp. Additionally, when these selected bacteria were co-cultured with fungi, they significantly reduced the time required for LDPE oxidation compared to when the fungi were cultured alone. In conclusion, this study identifies selected fungal strains as promising candidates for LDPE degradation and underscores the importance of microbial interactions in enhancing plastic waste degradation. [Supported by grants from Rural Development Administration (Project No. PJ015298)]